KanIrraDeebaaQubeeQabusan Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KanIrraDeebaaQubeeQabusan - Article Example a decent working condition, I generally wear a few caps like being a specialist clinician, a guide, supporting staff individuals and upholding for patients and families eagerly. Since I functioned as a medical attendant, we have had a decent connection with staff individuals and this has made my vocation fruitful. I live in Richmond town. The objectives of my course is to comprehend the fundamental driver of bipolar issue, its signs and indications, to comprehend in detail the four sorts of state of mind scene in bipolar turmoil, how to treat the illnesses and the differing cost of treatment. I will likewise prefer to figure out how to prepare a person on the most proficient method to deal with the confusion in their own and expertise to gave managing and guiding to patients. My contextual investigation will be about consideration of Susie who is experiencing bipolar infection. The patient is a 22 years of age understudy. For longer than seven days, he has abandoned a rest and during the time he has invested energy in uplifted condition of action, she can’t control what he is doing. He has created odd and pretentious conduct that takes magical tone, he additionally overlooks what he generally do and he has begun composing notes so as not to overlook what he is doing. The approach issues identified with Susie case incorporate implementation of non separation laws; Susie has been confronting segregated in school as indicated by his companions and this caused her to get focused. Stress is one of the primary driver of bipolar issue, victimization Susie likewise lead to poor solid working life balance which wind up causing bipolar. Title VII of The Civil Rights Act, 1964 forbids â€Å"discrimination in wording and states of work on the ground of race, shading, national cause, sex and religion. The school environment for Susie has not been positive. The poor contemplating condition brought about antagonistic vibe, question, and competition which lead to sorrow since it spreads negative demeanor and mischief connection among Susie and different understudies. Another approach is taking the correct food. Good dieting will

Essay Sample on California Evidence Law and Its Key Aspects

Article Sample on California Evidence Law and Its Key Aspects Parts of California Evidence Law and its effect on individuals in todays Society 1.0 Introduction There are different parts of the California Evidence Law which impacts numerous people associated with the courtroom, just as the more extensive society. It is regular information that life can't separate from itself from clashes whether common and criminal which is taken care of in the official courtrooms. The California Evidence Law has different angles that impact how both the investigators and the litigants may contend their cases in court, how they can introduce their proof, the nature of confirmation that is satisfactory and that which isn't acknowledged by the courts, among other key issues that influence individuals associated with the court forms. This paper puts forth attempt to deliver the issues connected to California Evidence Law, and the effects they have on paper. The law of proof in California has components that are obtained from the Federal Law of Evidence and that are the reason there will be close reference of the two laws. The parts of the California Evidence law as reflected in this paper are such significant issues that not just the legal counselors who provide legal counsel ought to be all around familiar with, yet in addition for the regular man to be knowledgeable with in order to interrelate with the laws well in the occasion they must be utilized in the official courtroom in numerous limits. Individuals are utilized in courts as witnesses; just as well they may show up in court as respondents and hence the California proof law mixes as a significant law, both for the individuals and the law experts. This law has impacts the individuals much since they come into cooperation with the court forms in different manners, and might not have the proper tutoring on issues of law and on proof laws specifically. Along these lines this paper is such a significant in sketching out a portion of the basic parts of the laws. Getting to the foundation of the parts of the California proof law isn't a simple errand since the laws are quite point by point, and along these lines requires a basic report so that to draw out the urgent components that are reflected by it. This is the reason this paper has adopted a strategy of introducing the angles in this law by inspecting the California Evidence law, arranging what is spoken to in the law, and guaranteeing that it is introduced in a sensible way. This is to guarantee that the paper isn't just compact in tending to the different issues in the law, however very much nitty gritty in tending to the key viewpoints in the proof law that frequently influences individuals as they connect with the law. As much as some of the California proof law knows about us, this paper makes an endeavor to audit, and sort out the perspectives spoke to in the law, so it very well may be effortlessly comprehended by the individuals, and along these lines give individuals the certaint y to apply the laws well if they come to communicate with it. Obviously a superior comprehension of the California proof law will empower the people required to apply the laws in an increasingly suitable manner, and along these lines have better results with respect to equity by speaking to realities and confirmations in court according to the timetables accommodated by the law. Various angles in the California proof law are very little accentuated in this paper since they are evident ideas as far as their all inclusiveness of utilization in numerous other proof laws, and also, some are just applied in an exceptionally constrained logical structure. Clear viewpoints in the California laws that will not have to be repeated are, for example, the mourn of proof that requests that all the proof that is built ought to be developed in such a kept an eye on to accomplish the parts of the bargains the two gatherings in court. Moreover, we have decides of proof that are constrained in application, for example, those identifying with how the offended party is questioned in cases, for example, rape, or a case including the ineptitude of a legal hearer to denounce his own decision working on this issue, or even on account of cases including property valuation. In this way, this paper will pack in plotting the angles in the California Law courts which are utilized in con sistently law practice and those that are not paltry. It has aced in laying out the angles that have impacts on individuals, just as those perspectives that must be known in the planning of cases. Subsequently the paper is unequivocal in tending to the issues in California proof laws that frequently acquires difficulties the contending out of cases. California Evidence Code is short and hence this paper will give a systematic structure into every one of these issues. 2.0 Aims and Objectives The point of this paper is To diagram various parts of the California Evidence Law. Laws are created to improve equity to both the respondents and the investigators; along these lines taking a gander at the California Evidence Law would be a major advance in understanding this law from the eyes of equity, and how equity can connect with the individuals. To take a gander at the suggestions that the California Evidence Law has on individuals. This is on the grounds that the laws of proof touch the individuals legitimately than some other law. It is this law that decides the degree of equity to individuals, and accordingly they ought to have the option to comprehend the angles caught in the proof law. Parts of California Evidence Law California Evidence law catches all the angles identifying with the development of proof, introduction of proof, and suitability of the proof in the official courtroom. These are basic issues in the legitimate system in California. It might influence the achievement of a case introduced in the official courtroom. California laws simply like different laws were built up to guarantee that there is equity for the two gatherings spoke to in court (the arraignment, and the safeguard committee). Along these lines it is critical for the laws to be comprehended by the individuals. Likewise, according to the law, equity is conveyed to the individuals in court through legitimate understanding and approval of the confirmations introduced from the two gatherings. In such manner, California Evidence Laws is at the focal point of the considerable number of procedures coordinated to welcome equity ready. Eminently, it is individuals who submit cases in court, and in this manner the California Evide nce Law influences as a matter of fact the individuals. This paper draws out the perspectives in this law, a how it impacts individuals in the most ideal manner conceivable. This is with respect to the straightforwardness of the paper, and the assorted variety by which the perspectives are introduced to make it an inside and out paper. 3.0 Rules on Admissibility of Evidence The California Evidence Law has laid out the structures by which any given proof might be conceded in court or dismissed. Not all the proof that is introduced in court will be allowable. This is on the grounds that for the proof to be conceded according to the California Evidence Law, it must outperform a few tests. If the proof gave has not sufficiently fulfilled the standard by which a proof might be named as ‘admissible’ then it stands to not to be permissible, and along these lines may not be utilized inside the requirements of California laws. As indicated by the California Evidence code 351, proof introduced in the court may possibly be allowable on the off chance that it completely meets three conditions. The three gauges by which proof would be seen as acceptable are materiality, significance and fitness. This implies any proof introduced in the official courtroom and is end up being material, significant and skilled then such proof can't be banned by any exclusionary rule, and this further suggests the proof is acceptable. Importance Proof is seen as applicable in the California law when it tends to make reason that makes the realities introduced to demonstrate or oppose the proof to be either a greater amount of less plausible. This is per California Evidence Code 210. This implies the way that if the proof introduced makes the reality introduced to help or counter it pretty much plausible, makes it palatable as significant. What's more, for the proof gave to be pertinent, at that point the introduced obvious isn't obliged to make the reality offered certain, however should just demonist rate some inclination to improve of diminishing the probability of the way that is introduced. The discoverer of the reality introduced through the proof has the freedom to gauge the proof, however regardless of whether a bit of proof stands to be feeble, it would at present be discovered allowable yet for situations where it crosses paths with a given exclusionary rule of law or is esteemed to be in any case bumbling. Material Proof ought to fulfill the state of being ‘material’. Proof fulfills to be named as ‘material’ if the proof offered demonstrates a reality that has been an issue of a given case. In such manner, a reality in a legal dispute may have backing of verification by proof. This sort of proof is fulfills the state of material; for it demonstrates a reality introduced for a situation. Capability Capability in the California law occurs for the situation that the proof has a proof which meets a given arrangement of conventional prerequisites of dependability. From the conditions that have been set, some random proof given is found by the California Evidence Law to meet the three prerequisites is seen as much permissible. Regardless of situations where any of the gatherings addresses the fitness of the proof through complaint,, it would be esteemed that the dissident is attempting to show that there needs ability of another preliquisite tolerability standard. In any case, practically speaking the advanced pattern in law has demonstrated the propensity to turn the guidelines of competency by turning them in type of profound contemplations. By and large talking, if skilled proof is offered to fill the needs of verification to a given pertinent material reality, at that point this proof stays acceptable under the California Evidence Law. This is whether or not a similar proof might be seen to be ill-advised to be utilized for an in any case reason. This is per schedul

Watch the 2.009 webcast tonight at 7PM ET!

Watch the 2.009 webcast tonight at 7PM ET! 2.009: Product Engineering Processes is a capstone course in Course 2 (Mechanical Engineering) and one of the most famous courses at MIT. For my fellow FIRST alumni out there, its sort of like FRC, but for products.From the website: In 2.009, Product Engineering Processes, [150] students work in large teams of approximately 20 individuals to design and build working alpha prototypes of new products. Students learn about creativity, product design, working within a budget, and gain unifying engineering experience. The effort spans the early phases of product development, including: opportunity identification; generating ideas; gathering customer and market data; selecting ideas, devising concepts and building sketch models; building and testing mockups; customer evaluation of mockups; embodiment design; and construction of a high quality functioning alpha prototype. The large teams must work effectively to realize this task, so students also learn about group dynamics, team roles and management, consensus building, and the value of communication. The final project presentations are held annually in before a live audience of ~1300 designers, investors, faculty, and friends who won tickets via a lottery and pack into Kresge, MITs largest auditorium, with overflow rooms and a live webcast, and covered by MIT News, the Boston Globe, and other media outlets. The top teams often spin out into companies; back in 2012, blogger Chris M. led the winning Pink Team and took a leave from MIT to become the founding CEO of HelmetHub, which he blogged about here. We typically blog a recap of the final presentations after they occur, and Joonho should be doing that in a few days (he got a press pass for being a blogger, which, lol). But for tonight, though, you can watch the webcast of the final product presentations, which begins ~7PM ET, by clicking the big ole link below: Post Tagged #2.009

Importance of Creating Awareness of Hepatitis B & C at Schools

Importance of Creating Awareness of Hepatitis B C at Schools Hepatitis awareness is an important part of school education, especially in high schools. Hepatitis BC play significant role in our lives. Today’s school children are in the risk group of these two totally unrelated viruses. Policy makers usually recommend schools to contribute to disseminating of information and education on viral hepatitis. Thus, such education would be a sort of social vaccine and serve as a preventing tool. More than 4,5 million Americans have chronic Hepatitis B or C, which are the major reasons for liver cancer. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. We all know that it is vital organ that is important for nutrition and blood filtering. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medicines and medical conditions can cause hepatitis, but it is most often caused by a virus. Hepatitis B and C can develop into lifelong, chronic illness, unlike Hepatitis A, which appears in acute form only. Hepatitis B or C can be spread through blood or semen. This usually happens through sexual contact or sharing needles. It can not be spread through hugging, kissing, holding hands, breastfeeding, coughing or sneezing. Viral Hepatitis can be prevented. To prevent the Hepatitis B one can get vaccinated. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. This is why one should be careful not to share needles or other equipment to inject drugs or steroids, not to use personal items that can have contact with infected blood, not to get tattoos or body piercing at unlicensed facilities. Viral hepatitis is very serious. Over 15% of people with this infection develop liver damage, cirrhosis or liver cancer. When the virus is detected early, many people can get lifesaving treatment that can limit the illness development and prevent cancer deaths.

Air Travel It May Not Be As Enjoyable, But It Is Safer ...

Air travel has come a long way in a relatively short time. Advances in technology and engineering have propelled this industry to unimaginable heights. Advances also have provided for an affordable, reliable, and safe mode of transportation. In the past decade air travel has become a target for terrorist to prove their endeavor at gaining the world’s attention and attempts to prove their points of view. The attacks of September 11, 2011 and others around the world have proven how real these issues are and America has taken up the fight in this arena. The continued credible threat of terrorist attacks against the nation’s commercial airports requires that TSA take adequate measures to ensure the highest level of security possible,†¦show more content†¦In an interview with MSNBC White House Counterterrorism Adviser Brennan speaking on a package intersected stated the devices were in a form that was designed to try to carry out some kind of attack, he said. C learly, from the initial observation, the initial analysis that was done, the material that was found ... was intended to do harm. (MSNBC, 2010) However this package was not attached to a person, it was in the form of carried on baggage or shipment material, the tips was received Saudi Arabia. Another example showing vigilance is not always towards people but vigilance encompasses a wide variety of links in a chain of possibilities regarding terrorist activities in airports. Another example was the cancellation of six international flights from the United Kingdom and France and Continental Airlines Flight 1519 from Washington to Houston, site of the Super Bowl, were grounded Sunday and Monday after security concerns were raised by the Homeland Security Department. Homeland Security Department spokesman Brian Roehrkasse said there was â€Å"specific and credible intelligence information suggesting that al-Qaida would attack these flights on those dates.† (MSNBC, 2004) Transportation Security Administration With so much in the news about the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) it is difficult to think this agency is relatively the new kid on the block. Before the 9/11 attacks most, if not all, airportShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Automobile2373 Words   |  10 PagesBenz Patent-Motorwagen. This engine produced two-thirds horsepower at 250 revolutions per minute in the Patent-Motorwagen, although later tests showed that the engine was capable of nine-tenths horsepower at 400 revolutions per minute. These numbers may not seem like a lot compared to the numbers that today’s engines can produce, but for its time, this engine was the best in the business. It was an extremely light engine for the time, weighing around 220 lb. 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Some try to differentiate themselves with allocated seatingRead Morewhite sharks5437 Words   |  22 Pagesoffense of 15 accumulated demerit points. They have the power to suspend the  license  for up to six months for successive collected demerit points. Additionally, once a person has accumulated nine demerit points the  Ministry of Transportation  office may request the driver to attend an interview. 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Edwin Arlington Robinson Free Essays

â€Å"One of the most prolific major American poets of the twentieth century, Edwin Arlington Robinson is, ironically, best remembered for only a handful of short poems,† stated Robert Gilbert in the Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography. Fellow writer Amy Lowell declared in the New York Times Book Review, â€Å"Edwin Arlington Robinson is poetry. I can think of no other living writer who has so consistently dedicated his life to his work. We will write a custom essay sample on Edwin Arlington Robinson or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Robinson is considered unique among American poets of his time for his devotion to his art; he published virtually nothing during his long career except poetry. The expense of Robinson’s single-mindedness,† Gilbert explained, â€Å"was virtually everything else in life for which people strive, but it eventually won for him both fortune and fame, as well as a firm position in literary history as America’s first important poet of the twentieth century. † Robinson seemed destined for a career in business or the sciences. He was the third son of a wealthy New England merchant, a man who had little use for the fine arts. He was, however, encouraged in his poetic pursuits by a neighbor and wrote copiously, experimenting with verse translations from Greek and Latin poets. In 1891 Edward Robinson provided the funds to send his son to Harvard partly because the aspiring writer required medical treatment that could best be performed in Boston. There Robinson published some poems in local newspapers and magazines and, as he later explained in a biographical piece published in Colophon, collected a pile of rejection slips â€Å"that must have been one of the largest and most comprehensive in literary history. † Finally he decided to publish his poems himself, and contracted with Riverside, a vanity press, to produce The Torrent and The Night Before, named after the first and last poems in the collection. In the poems of The Torrent and The Night Before, Robinson experimented with elaborate poetic forms and explored themes that would characterize much of his work—†themes of personal failure, artistic endeavor, materialism, and the inevitability of change,† according to Gilbert. He also established a style recognizably his own: an adherence to traditional forms at a time when most poets were experimenting with the genre (â€Å"All his life Robinson strenuously objected to free verse,† Gilbert remarked, â€Å"replying once when asked if he wrote it, ‘No, I write badly enough as it is. †), and laconic, everyday speech. Robinson mailed copies of The Torrent and The Night Before out â€Å"to editors of journals and to writers who he thought might be sympathetic to his work,† said Gilbert. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech? The response was generally favorable, although perhaps the most significant review came from Harry Thurston Peck, who commented unfavorably in the Bookman on Robinson’s bleak outlook and sense of humor. Peck found Robinson’s tone too grim for his tastes, saying that â€Å"the world is not beautiful to [Robinson], but a prison-house. â€Å"I am sorry that I have painted myself in such lugubrious colours,† Robinson wrote in the next issue of the Bookman, responding to this criticism. â€Å"The world is not a prison house, but a kind of spiritual kindergarten, where millions of bewildered infants are trying to spell God with the wrong blocks. † Encouraged by the largely positive critical reaction, Robinson quickly produced a second manuscript, The Children of the Night, which was also published by a vanity press, a friend providing the necessary funds. Unfortunately, reviewers largely ignored it; Gilbert suggests that they were put off by the vanity imprint. In 1902, two friends persuaded the publisher Houghton Mifflin to publish Captain Craig, another book of Robinson’s verse, by promising to subsidize part of the publishing costs. Captain Craigwas neither a popular nor a critical success, and for several years Robinson neglected poetry, drifting from job to job in New York City and the Northeast. He took to drinking heavily, and for a time it seemed that he would, as Gilbert put it, fall â€Å"into permanent dissolution, as both his brothers had done. † â€Å"His whimsical ‘Miniver Cheevy,’† Gilbert continued, â€Å"the poem about the malcontent modern who yearned for the past glories of the chivalric age and who finally ‘coughed, and called it fate/and kept on drinking,’ is presumably a comic self-portrait. † Robinson’s luck changed in 1904, when Kermit Roosevelt brought The Children of the Night to the attention of his father, President Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt not only persuaded Random House to republish the book, but also reviewed it himself for the Outlook (â€Å"I am not sure I understand ‘Luke Havergal,’† he said, â€Å"but I am entirely sure that I like it†), and obtained a sinecure for its author at the New York Customs House—a post Robinson held until 1909. The two thousand dollar annual stipend that went with the post provided Robinson with financial security. In 1910, he repaid his debt to Roosevelt in The Town down the River, a collection of poems dedicated to the former president. Perhaps the best known of Robinson’s poems are those now called the Tilbury Town cycle, named after the small town â€Å"that provides the setting for many of his poems and explicitly links him and his poetry with small-town New England, the repressive, utilitarian social climate customarily designated as the Puritan ethic,† explained W. R. Robinson in Edwin Arlington Robinson: A Poetry of the Act. These poems also expound some of Robinson’s most characteristic themes: â€Å"his curiosity,† as Gerald DeWitt Sanders and his fellow editors put it in Chief Modern Poets of Britain and America, â€Å"about what lies behind the social mask of character, and †¦ is dark hints about sexuality, loyalty, and man’s terrible will to defeat himself. † Tilbury Town is first mentioned in â€Å"John Evereldown,† a ballad collected in The Torrent and The Night Before. John Evereldown, out late at night, is called back to the house by his wife, who is wondering why he wants to walk the long cold miles into town. He responds, â€Å"God knows if I pray to be done with it all/But God’s no friend of John Evereldown. /So the clouds may come and the rain may fall,/the shadows may creep and the dead men crawl,—/But I follow the women wherever they call,/And that’s why I’m going to Tilbury Town. Tilbury Town reappears at intervals throughout Robinson’s work. The title poem in Captain Craig concerns an old resident of the town whose life, believed wasted by his neighbors, proves to have been of value. The Children of the Night contains the story of Richard Cory, â€Å"a gentleman from sole to crown,/Clean favored, and imperially slim,† who â€Å"one calm summer night,/Went home and put a bullet through his head,† and Tilbury Town itself is personified in the lines â€Å"In fine, we thought that he was everything/ To make us wish that we were in his place. The Man against the Sky—according to Gilbert, Robinson’s â€Å"most important single volume,† and probably his most critically acclaimed—includes the story of the man â€Å"Flammonde,† one of the poet’s most anthologized Tilbury verses. Despite the fact that much of Robinson’s verse dealt with failed lives, several critics see his work as life-affirming. May Sinclair, writing an early review of Captain Craig for the Fortnightly Review, said of the Captain, â€Å"He, ragged, old, and starved, challenges his friends to have courage and to rejoice in the sun. Amy Lowell, in her Tendencies in Modern American Poetry, stated, â€Å"I have spoken of Mr. Robinson’s ‘unconscious cynicism. ’ It is unconscious because he never dwells upon it as such, never delights in it, nor wraps it comfortably about him. It is hardly more than the reverse of the shield of pain, and in his later work, it gives place to a great, pitying tenderness. ‘Success through Failure,’ that is the motto on the other side of his banner of ‘Courage. † And Robert Frost, in his introduction to Robinson’s King Jasper, declared, â€Å"His theme was unhappiness itself, but his skill was as happy as it was playful. There is that comforting thought for those who suffered to see him suffer. † Many Tilbury Town verses were among the poems Robinson included in his Pulitzer Prize-winning Collected Poems of 1922—the first Pulitzer ever awarded for poetry. He won his second poetry Pulitzer in 1924, this time for The Man W ho Died Twice, the story of a street musician whose one musical masterpiece is lost when he collapses after a night of debauchery. Gilbert attributed the poem’s success to its â€Å"combination of down-to-earth diction, classical allusion, and understated humor. † In 1927, Robinson again won a Pulitzer for his long narrative poem Tristram, one in a series of poems based on Arthurian legends. Tristram proved to be Robinson’s only true popular success—it was that rarity of twentieth-century literature, a best-selling book-length poem—and it received critical acclaim as well. â€Å"It may be said not only that ‘Tristram’ is the finest of Mr. Robinson’s narrative poems,† wrote Lloyd Morris in the Nation, â€Å"but that it is among he very few fine modern narrative poems in English. † Early in 1935, Robinson fell ill with cancer. He stayed hospitalized until his death, correcting galley proofs of his last poem, King Jasper only hours before slipping into a final coma. â€Å"Magazines and newspapers throughout the country took elaborate notice of Robinson’s death,† declared Gilbert, â€Å"reminding their readers that he had been considered America’s foremost poet for nearly twenty years and praising his industry, integrity, and devotion to his art. â€Å"It may come to the notice of our posterity (and then again it may not),† wrote Robert Frost in his introduction to King Jasper, â€Å"that this, our age, ran wild in the quest of new ways to be new†¦. Robinson stayed content with the old-fashioned ways to be new. † â€Å"Robinson has gone to his place in American literature and left his human place among us vacant,† Frost concluded. â€Å"We mourn, but with the qualification that, after all, his life was a revel in the felicities of language. † How to cite Edwin Arlington Robinson, Papers

How are women represented in The Winters Tale Essay Example For Students

How are women represented in The Winters Tale Essay The Winters Tale is a sixteenth-century comedy of William Shakespeares containing many possibilities of a tragedy occurring throughout the play, such as when Hermione dies and Perdita is left in an unpopulated area. The various female characters representations are significant for the plot. More importantly, with the exception of Paulina, they are portrayed as being passive, obedient characters who are inferior to their male counterparts. A modern-day audience would perhaps disagree with the oppression of women evident within this play, but in the cultural context of Shakespeares society, women were inferior to men and subsequently expected to obey them without question. The character of Paulina, however, is welcomed by the modern audience as being a more modern character who defends the rights of women, for example Hermione and the abandoning of Perdita. At the time Shakespeare wrote the play, women, more specifically Mary and Elizabeth I, had held the position of monarch in England and it is possible to suggest Paulina is the personification of a new contemporary idea of a female. Paulina, is portrayed as being very strong emotionally, as she is willing to stand up to Leontes and make him see his own faults, but she could also be considered extremely cruel for the emotional punishment and torture she inflicts on Leontes during the sixteen years that he is without Hermione. Paulina also manages to convince the male characters that Hermione is innocent, indicating a reasonable degree of power. Leontes insults anybody who agrees with Paulina or, more importantly, anybody who disagrees with him, for example, Antigonus, who is Paulinas husband. Shakespeares portrayal of Leontes, who has a low opinion of the women in the play, reflects predominant contemporary male attitudes. His statement to Antigonus regarding Paulina shows that he expects the man to be dominant, What? Canst not rule her? Hermione is the opposite of Paulina as she appears to be very weak, always forgiving Leontes, but she is perhaps stronger than Paulina as she is willing to accept her oppression and remain dignified throughout. Upon being accused of adultery with Polixenes by Leontes, Hermione is given the simple reply, No, by my life, Privy to none of this. This is a highly ironic statement. Leontes has condemned Hermione to death and Hermione is swearing on her life that she is innocent. The effect of this irony is a reinforcement of Hermiones innocence, showing Leontes to be an unreasonable, jealous tyrant. This technique employed by Shakespeare is illustrating a clear division between which of the characters upon stage we are to support in the court case. It is certainly possible that Shakespeare based the character of Hermione on the medieval idea of female Patience. Female Patience is a concept that women will allow themselves to suffer in order to please their husbands. For example, patient Griselda from the Clerks Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer shows this virtue. Hermione is portrayed as being a forgiving, obedient lady who will forever remain loyal to Leontes, similarly to Griselda. Another response of Hermiones while she is on trial is: The emperor of Russia was my father. This ironic statement would likely cause a contemporary Shakespearean audience, or a modern audience to feel more sympathy for Hermione, as her calmness and unexpected argument with her husband convince us that she has done no wrong. Although her father is powerful, she is weak and defenseless, creating a form of irony. Also, Shakespeare is showing that Hermione hails from an honourable family. However, although it is admirable that Hermione manages to remain calm even during this traumatic time, with the way Leontes has been treating her there is a feeling amongst a modern audience that Hermione should not be so calm and should perhaps let Leontes know exactly what she thinks of him and his actions, as women would be more likely to do during recent times. However, her silence would have been considered virtuous by a contemporary audience, creating a high level of respect between the character and its audience. The audience is led to believe that, although Hermione has won the case with the Oracle, Leontes has won the battle when Hermione faints, apparently to die. This is perhaps Shakespeares most literal display of Hermiones character as although she appears strong and dignified on the outside, on the inside she is weak, which is shown by Hermione fainting to her apparent death. The death of Hermiones son, Mamillius, is also a large factor in Hermiones death. Hermione was very protective of Mamillius; feeling that Leontess allegations against her would have a detrimental effect on his reputation. Using your analysis of Shakespeare's text, suggest ways in which act 3 scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet could be performed EssayTime as a healer is a main theme of the play. Shakespeares effect of the sixteen-year gap on stage emphasises the fantastical nature of the play. Despite the obvious potential for a tragedy within this play, the supernatural re-birth of Hermione by the end is likely Shakespeares distinction between comedy and tragedy. I also disagree that the final scene balances this fact as although they are reunited, gain Perdita as a daughter and Florizel as a son-in-law, they will never be able to replace their son and heir to the throne, Mamillius, as he is and will always be dead. No matter how much Leontes repents for his sins, Mamillius cannot be brought back. Leontes matching of Paulina and Camillo might also seem joyful in theory, but these two are not in love and matching them up is simply a demonstration of Leontes power returning to him. In fairness to Leontes, he may not intentionally be controlling Paulina and may have paired Paulina off with Camillo to give her a good, worthy husband. The union of Paulina and Camillo could also be a sign of nature taking its course, as marriage is viewed as a natural union. The reconciliation of Hermione and Leontes could also be deemed as natural. However, this first criticism is definitely accurate in that the last scene cannot possibly excuse Leontes previous actions towards Hermione. Hermione is always willing to take back Leontes no matter what sins he has committed, but Leontes is not willing to forgive Hermione for sins that she is not even guilty of. Hermione is the stronger character of the two as a result of this. It is possible that Shakespeare has intended to portray the females as emotionally-stronger characters as a way of ridiculing the male attitude towards females during this time. However, Queen Elizabeth I was recognised as a dominant and powerful ruler, which Queen Hermione was not. Queen Elizabeth was never married and subsequently not the subject of any oppression, but Hermione was oppressed by her husband. This could be a suggestion by Shakespeare that if men had listened to women more and treated them as equals, perhaps Leontes would not have enraged himself to such a degree over Hermione and Polixenes friendship. Hermione does exactly what is asked of her by Leontes and is accused of adultery for it. Women were vastly underappreciated by men back in the 16th century and The Winters Tale illustrates this perfectly. One critic has suggested that, The action of the play is to repair the damage caused by Leontes jealousy, however, Camillo flees, Hermione endures, and Paulina, though she criticizes the king, will eventually restore his wife to him. However, Leontes areas of power are shared between the various female characters within the play and this gives the impression that Leontes has lost control and makes the audience feel that the women are in power rather than Leontes. As soon as Leontes loses Hermione and Mamillius he becomes vulnerable and Hermione and Paulina capitalise on this more than anyone. However, Leontes does have the final say as, although Paulina would like for Leontes to wait for her permission before marrying again, he is under no real obligation to do so and can just as easily refuse as accept her proposal. His intense vulnerability is what causes him to give in to Paulina. In conclusion, it could be argued that women are presented as being worthy of more power than they actually possess. In the cases of Paulina and Hermione, the two characters are extremely sensible and know how their roles are limited by the laws of Sicilia. Shakespeare asks the contemporary audience to respect these women and support them over jealous tyrants such as Leontes. I believe that Shakespeares addition of these characters shows that he believes that despite being expected to be the calm, calculating characters, men can often get out of control and this is ironic as it is not expected of them but it can often happen anyway. The undervaluing of women could be a mistake as they, like Paulina and Hermione, have plenty of intelligence to offer.

micheal angelo Essays - Blogs, Feminist Blog, Edublog,

What is a blog? A blog is a form of communication that can be viewed through a website with things like a report on your daily life, like a diary. People use blogs to express opinions or engage in debates, all through a computer basically. A blog doesn?t have to be to words it can be pictures video?s or sound. Typically updated daily, blogs often reflect the personality of the author. Many may not know that anyone can create a blog. Plenty of web host has made it easy to write a statement and publish it online. Because of the simplicity of creating blogs many people including young people and kids have found no need to publish a book because now people can express the way they feeling and the way the view things on web .

6 Common Resume Mistakes That Make Recruiters Cringe

6 Common Resume Mistakes That Make Recruiters Cringe Recruiters see a lot of resumes – sometimes as many as hundreds in a day. So it’s understandable that there are some mistakes that just make them cringe. Particularly, those they see most often! The team at ResumeSpice polled recruiters and below were six common mistakes that recruiters hope to never see again. The good news is they’re all relatively easy to fix! So here goes†¦ Not including your contact informationYes, this is a real thing that applicants do. Maybe they think recruiters can tap into some cosmic network where every applicant’s contact information lives. Recruiters do work a lot of magic when it comes to placing candidates, but they don’t have ability to intuit your contact information just from your name and list of professional experience, no matter how impressive.If you’re concerned about privacy, you don’t have to put your full street address. In fact, we recommend that you don’t. Just put your city, sta te, and zip so the recruiter knows you’re a feasible candidate based on your location. And always include phone number and email address.Inconsistent formattingSo you included bullet points in one section of your resume, but didn’t include them in the next section? Or you have three different types of fonts or font sizes. This type of resume faux pas really makes recruiters cringe. Not only does it make you look like you don’t pay attention to detail, it makes your information difficult to read.When recruiters are already parsing through hundreds of resumes, believe us when we tell you, they aren’t going to stop to decipher yours. They’re going to toss it and move on to the next one.Functional resumesIf recruiters could show you a visual of their darkest, worst nightmares when it comes to sourcing qualified candidates, functional resumes would be it.Functional resumes basically give an overview of your skills, abilities, and achievements without li sting out your work history in reverse chronological order. Some functional resumes don’t even include dates, nor do they list relevant employer information.If a recruiter sees a functional resume, it’s a big red flag. The case may be that you merely thought the functional resume was creative and different, but to a recruiter it seems like you’re hiding something, such as a large career gap, which leads us to our next point†¦Unexplained career gapsRecruiters understand that there are a number of reasons why a career gaps occur. Maybe you moved to another state. Maybe the company you worked for closed down. But what recruiters want to know is that you’ve been doing something and that your skills aren’t out-of-date.Take a course relevant to your career at a community college, volunteer your skills to an organization, or even list your duties as a stay-at-home parent (negotiating, communicating in tough situations, budgeting, logistics – t hese are all hot commodity skills). In the absence of an explanation, recruiters are going to think the worst.Nonprofessional email accountWe wish this one could go without saying, but unfortunately it still happens all too often. Companies want to hire professional individuals to fill a role that solves a business need. Recruiters are tasked with finding those individuals. Very few things make you look more unprofessional than an email account like sexybunny69@gmail.com or ladiesman@hotmale.com. Sorry if one of these is your email address! Always keep it professional – your best bet is to create an email address that includes some variation of your first name and last name.Not proofingRecruiters can often forgive small errors like a missing period or an extra space. But if your resume is riddled with incorrect spelling or poor punctuation, you’ve just unintentionally communicated three things: you don’t really care about the position, you have poor attention to detail, and/or you simply don’t know how to properly use language.The fact of the matter is that recruiters are not personally judging your resume mistakes – though it may seem so. Rather, they’re professionals who are trying to solve a need for their employer or client. So, as much as your resume reflects the person/professional you are, who recruiters submit for consideration says something about them professionally as well.Your professional skills and credentials could be impressive, but if your resume has one or a combination of the cringe-inducing mistakes above, it will never be placed in front of a hiring manager.Savannah Ober is a resume writer and career consultant at ResumeSpice. In addition to being a resume expert, Savannah is also an experienced corporate communications professional, working with one of the world’s largest global companies. Savannah has written recruiting advertisements for trade publications, created marketing collateral, w ritten press releases and blogs, and developed social media content. Savannah holds a BA in English, creative writing.

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

2 - Assignment Example In the current methodology of commissions for the front-line salesmen, the annual break-even point in dollar sales and in unit sales for Shop 48 is sales of 12,500 pair of shoes for gross sales of $375,000. Appendix 1 shows a graph from zero to seventeen thousand units sold in a given year, with both fixed and variable expenses taken into account. Based upon projected annual sales of 17,000 pairs of shoes, potential profit for Shop 48 would be $54,000 on annual sales of $510,000. Another question raised was what the profit or loss would be on 12,000 pairs yearly. After expenses, the store would realize a net loss of $6,000. In the next circumstance, the company is toying with the idea of offering the store manager of Shop 48 an incentive commission of $0.75 (seventy-five cents) per pair of shoes, leaving the salespersons’ commission intact. What would this added commission have on the break-even point in dollar sales and in unit sales? It is clearly shown that the break even point would indeed rise considerably. Technically there would be no â€Å"break even point†, for at 13,333 pairs the shop would be operating at a loss of $3.75 and one more pair (13,334) would give them a net profit of $7.50. Either way, sales would have to be roughly $400,000 per annum to achieve a profit, or an increase of $25,000 in gross sales annually. As an another option to the situation above, what if the store manager was given fifty cents commission on each pair of shoes sold beyond the break-even point? Their question on this was what the shops net operating income would be based upon 15,000 pairs of shoes sold annually. This would include the data as discussed for current operations in that 12,500 pair of shoes for gross sales of $375,000 is the BE point. With this, 15,000 pairs of shoes would give the store gross sales of $450,000 annually. With the added expense of the fifty cent commission on 2,500 pairs net profit would then be

Implementing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Implementing Strategy - Assignment Example That is also evident in the stock price after round eight in which Baldwin had $166.47, second after Digby’s 320.07 that was the best performance. As a business that values improvement in its products, we invested in research and development. The following represents the implementation strategy for research and development during the first four rounds of competition. For round 0, R&D was $0 for all the five products. That remained similar for the Baker and Bead products in round 1. However, Bid, Bold and Buddy products had $886, $ 778 and $ 892 in R&D, respectively, during round 1. During round 2, Baldwin spent $140 on R&D for Baker, $40 for Bead and $1000 for each Bid, Bold and Buddy. During round 3, R& D were $854 for Baker, $0 for Bead, $274 for Bid, $161 for Bold, $20 for Buddy and $952 for Bobo products. For round 4, R& D were $0 for Baker and Bead, $874 for Bid, $ 842 for Buddy and $820 for Bobo. In round 5, R& D will be $0 for Baker, $0 for Bead, $989 for Bid, $864 for Bold, $849 for Buddy and Ǚ for Bobo. In essence, research and development after the introduction of Bobo was higher. After all the eight rounds of co mpetition, product improvement was achievable due to high investment in research and development. Based on the financial historical summaries for Baldwin, the following were the financial performances. As the Baldwin team, the net income increased steadily throughout the eight rounds. Round one performance was $1, 061, 000 while round eight performance was $40, 427, 000. The cash flow from operations varied during the eight rounds. While, round one was $3,282, 000, round four was $1, 628, 000, round five was $34, 236, 000 and round eight was $ 47, 774, 000. Baldwin great performance in profitability after the eight rounds of competition. It had $ 40,427,031 in profit. Because of its exceptional marketing strategies, Baldwin realized 11.27% in traditional segment share after the eight rounds of competition. That was third

Relationship Between Employer and Employees | PEL, Pakistan

Relationship Between Employer and Employees | PEL, Pakistan Every business is looking for a key that unlock their success and satisfy their employees. Employers need employees who go the extra mile and do their best work and employees need jobs that fulfil their needs and encourage them. Simply it can be said that employers need an engaged workforce. Employee engagement can be said to be a combination of commitment to the organization and organizational citizenship (willingness to help out colleagues) (CIPD, 2010). The purpose of this research is to understand the role and importance of employee engagement and to identify the causes of employee disengagement at PEL in Lahore, Pakistan. In todays competitive business environment it is very important for every business to improve productivity and sustain competitive advantage to survive in the market. Marchington (2001 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2007) state that employee engagement is a key dimension of employee relations and plays a central role in the development of higher performance system. Most organisations expect employees to perform well and follow rules and regulations of the work place engaged employees can fulfil such expectations of employers. Similarly employees have some expectations of job security, growth in future career, to be paid well and be recognised in response from an organization. A positive attitude held by an employee towards the organization and its value employee engagement defined by Robinson et al (2004) cited in Markos Sridevi (2010). An engaged employee is aware of business context and work with colleagues to improve performance within job for benefit of the organization. PEL must work to develop and nurture engagement, which require a two-way relationship between organizational goal and employee. Company Profile The research will be carried out in PEL (PAK ELEKTRON LIMITED), based in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak Elektron Limited (PEL) was established in 1956 in technical collaboration with AEG of Germany and is a part of Kohinoor Industries Limited. PEL is the pioneer manufacturer of electrical goods in Pakistan with approximately 7000 employees all over the Pakistan. In October 1978, the company was taken over by Saigol Group of Companies. Since its inception, the company has always been contributing towards the advancement and development of the engineering sector in Pakistan by introducing a range of quality electrical equipment and home appliances and by producing hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and technicians through its apprenticeship schemes and training programmes. PEL export many products to other countries like Afghanistan and Bangladesh. PAK ELEKTRON LIMITED spends a considerable amount on employee training and development to improve their performance and to boost organisational productivity (Company History, 2010). There are two main divisions in PEL Power Division and Appliances Division. PELs Power Division manufactures Transformers, Switchgear, Electric Motors, Energy Meters, Kiosks, Compact Stations, Shunt Capacitor Banks, etc. of highest quality and of latest international Standards.ÂÂ  PELÂÂ  is one of the major electrical equipment suppliers to Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), and Karachi Electrical Supply Corporation (KESC) which are the largest Power Companies in Pakistan. In additionÂÂ  PELÂÂ  is also supplying to major projects in the private sector. The PEL Appliances Division was established in 1980-81 when the Company launched the first consumer product to its production range i.e. Window TypeÂÂ  Air conditionersÂÂ  of 19000 BTU. PEL is also manufacturing Refrigerators, Deep freezers, Microwave Oven, Split Air Conditioners andÂÂ  Colour Televisions. This research was carried out in the switchgear department of power division. Approximately 1000 employees are working in this department. Organisational Context Pakistan has been facing both economic and political instability over last few years in parallel to the global financial crisis. PEL is a manufacturing company that contributes a major part in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Manufacturing industry is badly influenced by the recent flood and power shortage problem in Pakistan (Statistics Pakistan 2010). Purchasing power of the customers is also adversely influenced by inflation in Pakistan. The direct competitors of PEL are Dawlance, Waves, LG, and Haier. The Dawlance is market leader in the refrigerator followed by PEL. But PEL is dominant in market with maximum share in window room air conditioner (WRAC) in Pakistan. Statement of Problem: PEL Annual and monthly production reports show production targets were not achieved in time. After discussion with a PEL HR representative it understood that the production gap is possibly due to low level employee engagement. Some other important factors that can influence production are machinery faults, poor materials, poor logistics, unavailability of material, falling demand due to recessionary pressures and labour faults such as unskilled worker, skilled workers and low/no employee engagement. Significance of Research This research focuses on current employee engagement in PEL. Causes of employee disengagement will be identified that can help organization to choose appropriate strategy. PELs mission statement says To focus on personal development of our employee to meet the future challenges. PEL is committed to employee engagement and selection of practise according to employees needs and wants is very essential to achieve the organisational goal. An organization with an engaged workforce can perform better and employee can be engaged by different factors such as; job security, future growth, appreciation, motivation etc. This research helps PEL analyse the level of employee engagement, empowerment, satisfaction and causes of disengagement. This research will be helpful to the organization to review the current employee engagement practices and importance of effective employee engagement practices. Research Aim and Objectives Aim: To identify the effectiveness of employee engagement in PEL Pakistan Objectives: To investigate current levels of employee engagement in PEL. To critically evaluate the perceptions of employee engagement by different worker groups in PEL. To recommend an improved set of practices to aid employee engagement in PEL, Pakistan. Chapter 2:Â  Literature Review Employee Engagement: Employee Engagement is defined by Corporate Leadership Council (2004) cited in Lockwood (2007, p11), The extent to which employees commit to something or someone in their organization, how hard they work and how long they stay as a result of that commitment. Employee engagement concerns employees beliefs about organization, leaders and working conditions. Employee engagement is not only simple job satisfaction and loyalty with employer but it is a passion and commitment with job, willingness to help colleagues and discretionary effort for success of the organization (Macey and Schneider, 2008). Rutledge (2005) also explains truly engaged employees were attracted to and inspired by, their work, committed and fascinated. Organizational success depends on engaged employees along with other resources like material, machinery, finances etc. If an organization has disengaged employees it may likely suffer because people can be a source of competitive advantage or disadvantage Catlette Had den, (2001). There is no universal definition of employee engagement but according to some authors employee engagement can defined as: According to Kahn (1990, p694) engagement means in engagement people express themselves physically, cognitively and emotionally during role performance. A positive attitude held by an employee towards the organization and its value an engaged employee is aware of business context and work with colleagues to improve performance within job for benefit of the organization Robinson et al (2004) cited in Markos Sridevi (2010, p90). Kroth and Boverie (2003) said engaged employees feel passionate and energised by their work. Excitement, enthusiasm and productivity come with passion. Erickson (2005) referred Kroth and Boverie employee engagement definition cited in Macey Schneider (2008, page number) employee engagement is a desirable condition, passion, enthusiasm, commitment, loyalty for organization, focused effort, energy and connotes involvement this definition also supported by Katzenbach (2000), engaged employees are committed motivated, energetic, enthusiastic and enjoy problem solving. Saks and Rotman (2006) argued that commitment is different from engagement, commitment refers to a persons attitude and attachment towards the organization whereas engagement is not merely an attitude it is the degree to which an individual is attentive to their work. Employee engagement has both physical and behavioural components. If employees work under all these physical and behavioural conditions the consequences are thought to be valuable for organizational effectiveness depending upon the nature of the organization. Importance of Engagement: There is a psychological relationship between business performance and employee engagement (Harter et al, 2002) and it has a positive impact on both employees and on the organization (Schaufeli and Bakker, 2004). Managing the workplace in such a way that promotes engagement, employees are said to be happier and organization benefits as a result Harter et al. (2003) cited in Rich (2006). Along with all other factors like labour, machinery, materials and finance etc two important factors; lack of commitment and motivation can lead some organizations to poor performance (Harter et al, 2002). An organization that wants to keep valued workforce, employee engagement is critical for them. Engaged employees look for challenging work in the organization because they are in a cycle of building skills and knowledge so they are finding work according to their abilities (Csikszentmihalyi Hunter 2003). Engaged employees think innovatively for the growth of the organization. Engaged employees perform better than others they think about organizational not personal goals. Employee outcomes, financial performance and organizational success predicted by employee engagement (Saks and Rotman, 2006). There is a link between employee engagement and profitability engagement leads to employee retention that leads to customer satisfaction, a satisfied customer use products again and again that boost organizational profitability. There is also a physical relationship between engaged employees and the organization, engaged employees express themselves physically in their roles (Kahn 1990). Engaged employees build an emotional relationship with the organization: emotions play a vital role in ones performance; emotions energize an employee psychologically for an appropriate action (Rich 2006). They put their emotional commitment at work that enables them to make or deliver better services that can constitute as a competitive advantage (Katzenbach, 2000). Their attitudes reflect care for organizations customer thereby it improves customers satisfaction. Key Drivers of Employee Engagement: Along with the definition of employee engagement many authors define several key drivers of employee engagement. Research shows that there is a relationship between organizational strategy and employees job, employee understanding that how important is his work for the success of the organization is the most important driver of employee engagement Lockwood (2007). Some of factors that not only aid employee engagement but also provide means for measuring current level of employee engagement in an organization such as organizational culture, leadership and communication. In the past, many researchers worked on employee engagement and contributed their ideas in form of models and explained factors that influence employee engagement in the workplace. There are two most important factors that drove employee engagement explained by Hosford (2007) cited in West (2008); awareness about operational and organizational goal, policies and procedures. Other is their participation to drive these goals depending on their knowledge. McCoy (2007) criticised these factors as it is difficult to communicate organizational goals, policies and procedures throughout the organization to foster employee engagement. Gallup (2009), contributed to employee engagement by providing a set of 12 questions that drive engagement (1) expectations at work (2) availability of material and equipments (3) opportunity to do what an employee do best every day (4) any recognition or praise for good work (5) care from supervisor (6) encouragement for development (7) participation in decisio n making (8) importance of an employees work for organizational mission (9) co-workers commitment (10) friendly environment at work (11) discussion about employees progress (12) opportunities to learn and grow. Little Little (2006) also referred to these factors. Robinson (2004) describe following characteristics of employee engagement Involvement of employees in decision making Value for employees ideas and their contribution Opportunities of growth for employees and job security Organizations concern about employees heath and well being Following are some important factors that can influence employee engagement in an organization. Organizational Commitment: Organizational commitment has a significant importance in the study of employee engagement. Organizational commitment is an individuals psychological attachment to an organization and desire to remain part of it (Encyclopaedia, 2006). Meyer et al (2002) defined three component model of commitment; affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. Affective Commitment means positive emotional attachment of an employee with the organization. William (2004) also agreed to Meyer and Allen (1991) commitment concept and defined three types of commitment affective, continuous, and normative commitment. Affective commitment refers to employees perceptions of their emotional and psychological attachment to with the organization. Continuance commitment means employee is committed to the organization because he doesnt want to leave organization. In Normative commitment an employee remains commits because of his feelings of obligation (Meyer et al, 2002). If an employee can find opportunities for growth and job security he would be more committed (Robinson, 2004). Organizational commitment is directly linked with employee engagement few benefits to employee engagement by organizational commitment are demonstrated here: organizational commitment increase job satisfaction (Vandenberg and Lance, 1992), it decreases employee turnover, decrease intension to search for other employers and decrease absenteeism (Cohen, 1991), Balfour and Wechsler (1996) also said that organizational commitment decrease employee intension to leave the organization. Organizational Culture: Organizational culture has a significant influence on employee engagement. It is a concept that explains values, attitudes, beliefs and experiences of an organization (WiseGEEK, 2011). Every organization consists of formal and informal dimensions, it is simply impossible to understand organizational working without understanding its informal characteristics. Organizational culture is critical to any organization which distinguish individual of one organization to the other organization (Hofstede, 1997). Most of the organizations believe that managers have the power in the organization/employee relationship but that is not true always. Employee engagement is the key to capture the employees mind, hearts, intensions and attitudes (Fleming and Asplund, 2007). The culture of a group/ organization is defined by Schein (1993) cited in Shafritz and Ott (2001) as a pattern of shared basic assumptions that a group learned to solve internal problems and problem of external adaption after valid ation that assumptions taught to new members. Martin (1992) defines that there are three different perspectives of organizational culture: (1) Integration perspective mean employees share a common set of values and basic assumptions that facilitate them to understand organizational environment. (2) Differentiation perspective explains that organization consist of different subcultures based on power and areas of interest. (3) In fragmentation view organization is a web of individuals which are interconnected loosely (Martin, 1992). One of the employee engagement key drivers is organizational environment if there is a friendly environment in organization employees would be more engaged. Secondly healthy relationship with other colleagues and managers also facilitate employee engagement. Organizational culture provides an environment for employee engagement and it helps in strengthen the employee commitment. Organizational Leadership: Effective leadership motivates employees to stay with the organization become responsible and engaged. Leadership is defined by Stodgill (1950) cited from Huczynski and Buchanan (2001), The process of influencing the activities of an organised group in its efforts towards goal setting and goal achievement Organizational culture directed by the leadership style. Leadership means to guide, to influence, course, action or opinion. Goleman (2000) explained the emotional aspect of leadership that leaders motivate, inspire, guide and persuade employees to achieve organizational goal. Burnes (2004) said management is about today and leadership is about future. An important factor that influences employee engagement is employee and leader relationship (Lockwood, 2007). Organizational Communication: An effective organization knew how to communicate its goals and objectives to its workforce (Hoffman and Tschinda, 2007). If leaders want to effectively lead a group they should have efficient thinking and communication. Organizational communication can maximise employee engagement along with organizational commitment and organizational leadership. If an organization is communicating organizational goals and objective clearly and successfully that can improve employer and employee relation which leads to better engagement (Lockwood, 2007). Effective organizational communication can create engaged employees that can improve organizational performance by providing better services and creating loyal customers (Blanchad and Bowels, 1998). These characteristics support the Kahns (1990) and Maslach et al.s (2001) psychological condition of employee engagement in the workplace as discussed before. All these characteristics include physical and psychological attachment with the job and with the organization. Engagement Models: In the literature there is a dearth of research on engagement (Saks and Rotman, 2006). However research work done by Leter (1997) and Maslach (1999) provided in-depth analysis of engagement. There are two main streams of research that provide models of engagement first one is Kahns (1990) meanfulness, safety and availability theory and second Maslach et als (2001) six areas of work life (Saks and Rotman, 2006). According to Kahn (1990) there are three psychological conditions which relate to engagement or disengagement in the workplace; meaningfulness, safety and availability. He argues that an employee in the workplace thinks of these three factors (1) how meaningful is to perform at this level? (2) Is it safe to do so? (3) Am I available for this job? He found more engaged employee when conditions were psychologically meaningful, safe and workers were psychologically available. May et al (2004) empirically tested Kahns (1990) and found that engagement is significantly related to meaningfulness, safety and availability. According to Maslach et al (2001) six areas of work lead to burnout and engagement at workplace; workload, feelings of choice and control, rewards and recognition, community and social support, perceived fairness, meaningful and valued work. He argued that job engagement is associated with sustainable workload, feeling of choice and control enables employee to think openly, reward and recognition motivate employees, supportive and friendly work environment help to enjoy the job, equality at work, employee understand value of its work to the organizational success. May, Gilson Harters (2004) research also support Maslach et als (2001) meaningful and valued work is associated with engagement. Both models discussed here are explaining the psychological conditions that are required for engagement but both models are not explaining how an individual will react depending upon his level of engagement (Saks and Rotman, 2006). Social Exchange Theory (SET) can explain employee engagement theoretically in a better way. SET argues that obligations are generated when two parties are reciprocally linked which each other. A relationship between two parties can be strong trusting, loyal and mutual commitment over time as long as they abide by certain rules of exchange (Cropanzano and Mictchell, 2005). Rules of exchange mean give and take, if an employee getting something from an organization in return he will try to benefit the organization. Robinson et al (2004) refers to social exchange theory as description of employee engagement is a two-way relationship between employee and employer. Chapter 3:Â  Research Methodology Introduction An investigation has been conducted after literature review in chapter two regarding employee engagement and motivation with the help of theories. At this point for the selection of appropriate research method a clear understanding of research philosophy and methodology is essential so that trustworthy results of research objectives can be find out. Continuum of ontological assumptions Objective 2 Objective 1 Reality as a concrete structure Reality as a concrete process Reality as a contextual realm of symbolic discourse structure Reality as a social constructivism Reality as a projection of human imagination POSITIVIST REALIST INTERPRETIVIST Source: Morgan and Smircich, (1980) cited in Longwe, (2010) Research Philosophy Importance and significance of research philosophy and methods would be different for different researchers who are carrying out their research on the same industry but with different perspective. For example, if a researcher is concerned with requirement of resources for manufacturing process, will adopt a totally different philosophy and method for research, from a researcher who conducted a research to find out feelings and attitudes of employees towards managers Saunders et al. (2007). Use of research philosophy may be significant with reference to the research methodology. It helps the researcher to be specific and refine the research. Understanding of research philosophy enables researcher to choose the right methodology and leave the inappropriate at the early stage of the research Easterby-Smith et al. (2002). According to Saunders et al (2007) there are three different ways of thinking about the research: (i) Positivism (ii) Interpretivism and (iii) Realism. Positivism Research undertaken by this approach will be on quantifiable observations and results in statistical analysis. Positivism approach in social sciences used biology and physics Nwokah et al. (2009). Doing a research on human beings without considering their social context is impossible, researchers bring their own values and interest in research results in positivism approach, measuring the complex phenomena in a single measure is misleading Hussey (1997). Interpretivism Some researchers argued that Interpretivism is highly appreciated in business management particularly in the field of human resource management, marketing and organizational behaviour (Saunders et al. 2007). Interpretivism is known as anti-positivism because it takes the view that scientific methods are inappropriate for the study of society (Abbott 2010). Realism Realism says that reality is totally independent of the researchers mind. According to this philosophy existence of an object that senses of researches shows is real and independent of his mind (Saunders et al 2007). Realism has some aspects of positivism in it as it develops knowledge with scientific approach. There are two types of realism Direct Realism and Critical Realism. Direct realism means that things should be considered as they appear. Critical realism says that what we experience are sensations, images of the real world not actual things (Saunders et al 2007). Selection of Research Philosophy: All the approaches have been used in majority of management researches depending upon the nature of research. First objective is investigation about current level of employee engagement. Level can be measured (positivism) but perhaps causes of (low) level of engagement are rooted in interpretivism. Both philosophies cannot be adopted so the position adopted will be realism. This is highly dependent and influenced by social process that exist inside the organization. Organizational culture and leadership play an important role in improving employee engagement. Second research objective is related to perceptions of employees which makes it social construct which can be determined by what employees say it is. This objective refers to an interpretivist approach. According to the aim and objectives of this research realism is likely to be used in this research. The research is based on understanding perceptions rather than any statistical analysis also according to aim and objectives phil osophical position of this research work is that of realism. Research Strategy There are several strategies available for doing a research but this researcher adopts a case study (of PEL) strategy. Case study strategy involves observations, empirical results and multiple sources of evidences (Robson 2002). Case study can also include interviews, questionnaires, observations and documentary analysis (secondary data). This strategy usually used in explanatory and exploratory research. An advantage of using case study strategy is to use multiple sources of data collection that is useful for triangulation (Saunders et al. 2007). Case study strategy enables researcher to challenge existing theories and provide source of new research questions. Research Methods Research is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. Following three methods will be used to achieve the results according to the research objectives: Secondary Data Analysis Self-Administered Postal Questionnaire for Workers Telephonic Structured Interviews with Executives Secondary Data Analysis These data can be analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. According to Ghauri and Gronhaug, (2005) cited in Saunders et al., (2007) secondary data are very useful and it provides saving in time, less expensive and it can be of higher quality data than could be obtain by oneself (Stewart and Kamins, 1993), it is helpful in triangulation, it can be useful to compare research results. There are disadvantages in that secondary data may differ from research objectives of this research; it may be too old; it may be unobtainable. There may be fewer resources available (Saunders et al 2007). Sometimes it is very difficult to find secondary data related to research work. Self-Administered Postal Questionnaire for Workers Questionnaires can be used in case study research strategy in order to collect primary data (Saunders et al. 2007). Questionnaires are more objective then interviews. It is relatively a quick, easy and cost saving way to collect information using questionnaires; information can be collected from a large group of peoples at the same time (Kirakowski, 2000). The most important thing in questionnaires is design of questions because reliability, validity and response of participants totally depend on that. Questionnaires normally require fewer skills to administer than semi-structured interviews or in-depth interviews (Jankowicz, 2005). There are few disadvantages of questionnaires it tells only users reaction as user perceives situation, questionnaires usually designed to fit certain situations thus it cannot tell what is right or wrong in the organization (Kirakowski, 2000), there is a possibility that a one person complete all questionnaires which would not answer research objectives effectively. 758 workers are working in switchgear department at PEL in 7 different workshops i.e. Quality Control, Maintenance, Health and Safety, Paint, Design, MV Equipment Workshop and LV Equipment Workshop. Simple random sampling has been used to select the samples. In random sampling few important issues can be a problem such as how long is the employee working with organization, what are personal issues of workers and management, a new employee may not be aware of organizational engagement practices. N = Total population = 758 N = Sample size =190 n/N = 190/758 (y sample size is 190?) A pilot research Questionnaires will be sent to 20 workers so that result of those questionnaires can be compared against the research objectives. Improvements will be made after pilot test if required any. Final questionnaires will be sent via e-mail to person who is coordinating with researcher from PEL he will print out all questionnaires for researchers time saving purpose. These questions are specially designed for workers who are important entity of this research, questions would be closed. So that workers can easily answer that without hesitating and without wasting anytime. Telephonic Semi-Structured Interviews with Executives In this research third method for data collection is telephonic semi-structured interview with executives so that they can discuss every aspect of employee engagement related to asked questions. Semi-structured interviews are non-standardised interviews and are often referred to as qualitative research interviews (King, 2004). 24 executives are working in Switchgear Department at PEL. One executive from each section of Switchgear Department will be interviewed telephonically who has minimum one year experience in PEL. There is a flexibility in semi-structured interviews that researcher can ask more questions or omit some questions in particular interviews. No need to encourage interviewee because they can ask questions from interviewer. Semi-structured interviews not only provide answer to research questions, but the reasons for answers. Individual interviewee can discuss sensitive issues easily and freely depending on how sensitive the issue is. There are also some disadvantages of semi-structured interviews such as it is difficult to collate more, difficult to control interviewee it can bring a lot of unnecessary information and it can be time consuming (Saunders et al, 2007). It might be difficult to evaluate nonverbal behaviour of interviewee. Response from interviewee may be very quick and interviewer has to be very quick to record all discussion. Triangulation Combination of different methods to collect primary data effectively can be said triangulation (Bryman, 2004). Use of more than one method to understand one phenomenon broadly and more clearly (Veal 2005). Three different methods have been used for the effectiveness of triangulation, validation and reliability of data in research secondary data from the organization, questionnaires from worker and semi-structured interviews from executives. Validation and Reliability of Data:

European Expansionism and the New World Order Essay

The European invasion and expansionism leave a stain to the World History, and thus traced the question where does the modern youth get their evil side. Since this Europeans invaded most part of the world if not the whole, everyone could say that each has a small drop of blood of Europeans in their system, especially in the continent of South and North America, where most of the European expeditions harbored. Because of this, wickedness of Europeans might be inside of today’s every man’s alive. The extermination of Hispaniola by the Spaniards is no less than a tragic extinction of American Natives. Exquisite execution of the poor victims ironically generates fun and excitement with those performing the impious acts, all for the name of the Almighty. In the book of Stannard, it summarizes blow by blow account of how the Europeans perform such evil acts including Spaniards who’s responsible in creating the New World in accordance to their standards and Christian beliefs and devotions. However, the creation of the so-called New World of this Europeans caused massive killings and pestilence which resulted to a depopulation of about ninety-six percent. The irony is putting a New World for the living in expense of every living thing that is degraded, demoralized, and extinct. For the most common term it is survival of the fittest supposedly performed only by animals in the wild fighting as predators for the flesh of their victims. How the old Europeans perform the survival of the fittest game for their New World? American Natives wiped out for many ungodly reasons varying from killing newly born babies to letting husbands and wife being tired and stressful that they do not get to feel the sexual urge to do procreation. Some reasons were pestilence or intentionally spreading of plague and viral diseases by scattering contaminated things to public. Some were simply letting the people starved to death. Some were being subjected to burning villages and massive killings. This character of burning people and villages originated in Europeans because they are the ones having the superiority trait and that inferiors of them deserved to be maltreated, demoralized and died inhumanely. It could be to totally eliminate habitants of such community, especially when they see that the land that they occupied were fertile, healthy and rich. For the conclusion on this chapter which talk about European Expansionism and New World Order is the additional denunciation for the late reaction of the natives as they allowed three or four decades of European invasion and American extinction before they do the movement and crusade of condemning European’s wrongdoings. Again, these movements which lead to Civil War also take part in the World History in a negative manner and reputation.

The Politics of Management Thought: a Case Study of Harvard

Summary of ‘The Politics of Management Thought: A Case Study of the Harvard Business School and the Human Relations School’ HBR and HRS achieved an early success under leadership of Mayo and Donham, where HRS positioned HBS as solution to pressing social, economic and political issues. Historical context in article is about contemporary events to business leaders reacted. Alongside postwar, physical and philosophical reconstruction and labor concessions came. After few days armistice was signed, presidents announced end of labor concessions.Dewey et al advocated application of civic democracy principles to workplace, called idealists, where idealists advocate role of labor and realist advocate greater control by administrators. These debates played role in construction of HBS and HRS. Wallace Donham, was appointed as dean of HBS in 1919. At that time HBS was suffering from severe financial problems and was under attack from academicians and businessmen. The scholars crit icized academic men valuing their work just to earn money to counter this problem he hired faculty from well-known disciplines such as history and philosophy.Businessmen criticized business schools, giving nothing but useless knowledge. Donham successfully brought HBS out of financial crises building relationships with CEO’s of big corporations. In 1926, Donham purposed hiring of Elton Mayo, who enjoyed a strong support in corporate circle. Beardsley Ruml, Director of LSRM felt that Mayo’s can fill the space left in the area of industrial psychiatry. Thus addressing psychopathic factor involved in industrial discontent at that time and bringing stability in industrial relation to overcome dissatisfaction and strikes.Donham being very eagerly expectant of HRS wanted to project its role as a â€Å"Savior. Whereas, Mayo focused the Executives, concerned about the workers irrational and agitation-prone mind. In Hawthorne studies Mayo was criticized for having a mindset af flicted with class conflict, industrial unrest, threats to social, political and economic orders. Mayo was of the view that the human factor in industries remains highly neglected. Mayo explained contemporary events with the help of psychology.In one of his articles mayo criticized classical economics, he was of the view that economics ignore human factor. In his second article he identified uncontrolled mind as the most dangerous thing, leading to crime war and social revolution. His third article was about mind of agitator, in his view agitator is the person who blame society for the troubles he face, and as a result his mind becomes obsessed with rage. In the fourth article Mayo elaborated on the dangers of democracy that it leads to social disintegration.In the final article Mayo linked democracy with psychopathological tendencies. Mayo cited industry as having a social function and identified labor unrest a result of individual’s fundamental disorientation to life and di sintegration of personality leading to disordering of values and maladaptaion to the industrial environment. Mayo argued that labor is incapable of understanding his own problems and these cannot be solved through his participation in management, opposing the stance of industrial democrats.Mayo through his research demonstrated that fatigue causes reveries producing psychological agitation leading to social unrest. This conclusion led him using psychological theories to work place. Through Hawthorne studies Mayo persuaded that clinical interview was a treatment allowing interviewee to exactly know his real problem. Mayo was influenced by psychology to view workplace problems as symptoms of underlying unconscious disorientation. On this premise he developed agenda of research for industry and convinced leaders that it will solve their worries about labor strife.We find this article very interesting, as we got to know, how Mayo and Donham fulfilled their own needs ( i. e. Mayo was dro pped out of the Medical school and was virtually broke, he struggled to gain foothold in academic community whereas Donham struggled to build HBS’s financial security, as well as academic and corporate prestige, and he countered the criticism of academics and corporate) by proposing solutions for contemporary social political and economic issues.

Definition and Examples of Epimone in Rhetoric

Epimone (pronounced eh-PIM-o-nee) is a  rhetorical term for the frequent repetition of a phrase or question; dwelling on a point. Also known as  perseverantia, leitmotif, and refrain.In Shakespeares Use of the Arts of Language (1947), Sister Miriam Joseph observes that  epimone is an effective figure in swaying the opinions of a crowd because of its insistent repetition of an idea in the same words. In his Arte of English Poesie (1589), George Puttenham called epimone the long repeat and the love burden. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: CommoratioEpizeuxisSemantic SatiationSymploce EtymologyFrom the Greek, tarrying, delay Examples All his brains are in the nape of his neck, Simon Dedalus says. Welts of flesh behind on him. Fat folds of neck, fat, neck, fat, neck.(James Joyce, Ulysses, 1922)Mr. Dick shook his head, as utterly renouncing the suggestion; and having replied a great many times, and with great confidence, No beggar, no beggar, no beggar, sir!(Charles Dickens, David Copperfield, 1850)We forget all too soon  the  things we thought we could never forget.  We forget  the  loves  and the  betrayals alike,  forget  what  we whispered  and what  we screamed,  forget  who  we were.(Joan Didion, Keeping a Notebook, 1968)Epimone in Shakespeares OthelloPut money in thy purse; follow thou the wars; defeat thy favor withan usurped beard; I say, put money in thy purse. Itcannot be that Desdemona should long continue herlove to the Moor--put money in thy purse--nor hehis to her: it was a violent commencement, and thoushalt see an answerable sequestration: put butmoney in thy purse.(Ia go in William Shakespeares Othello, Act 1, scene 3)Epimone in Shakespeares Julius CaesarWho is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him I have offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any speak; for him have I offended.(Brutus in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Act 3, scene 2)Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest--For Brutus is an honourable man;So are they all, all honourable men--Come I to speak in Caesars funeral.He was my friend, faithful and just to me;But Brutus says he was ambitious;And Brutus is an honourable man.He hath brought many captives home to RomeWhose ransoms did the general coffers fill;Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;And Brutus is an honourable man.You all did see that on the LupercalI thrice presented him a kingly crown,Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition?Yet Brutus says he was ambitiou s;And, sure, he is an honourable man. . . .(Mark Antony in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Act 3, scene 2)Epimone as a FallacyThere is a figure of speech termed epimone . . . , the purpose of which is to render some word or thought ridiculous by its frequent repetition, and showing its grotesque character as an element of argument. But sometimes from the frequent repetition of a thought, is deduced one of the most subtle fallacies known to language. This fallacy is often resorted to by unscrupulous men during the excitement of political contests, when some idea or point is assumed without proof to the detriment and prejudice of a man or party; and though it may have no just foundation for support, yet is dwelt upon and commented on so frequently, that the ignorant assume that the charge must be true, else it would not receive so much consideration; they apply to the matter under consideration the old adage: That where there is so much smoke there must be some fire.(Daniel F. Mil ler, Rhetoric as an Art of Persuasion: From the Standpoint of a Lawyer. Mills, 1880)Calvinos EpimoneYou are about to begin reading Italo Calvinos new novel, If on a winters night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade. Best to close the door; the TV is always on in the next room. Tell the others right away, No, I dont want to watch TV! Raise your voice--they wont hear you otherwise--Im reading! I dont want to be disturbed! Maybe they havent heard you, with all that racket; speak louder, yell; Im beginning to read Italo Calvinos new novel! . . .Find the most comfortable position: seated, stretched out, curled up, or lying flat. Flat on your back, on your side, on your stomach. In an easy chair, on the sofa, in the rocker, the deck chair, on the hassock. In the hammock, if you have a hammock. On top of your bed, of course, or in the bed. You can even stand on your hands, head down, in the yoga position. With the book upside down, natu rally.Of course, the ideal position for reading is something you can never find. In the old days they used to read standing up, at a lectern. People were accustomed to standing on their feet, without moving. They rested like that when they were tired of horseback riding. Nobody ever thought of reading on horseback; and yet now, the idea of sitting in the saddle, the book propped against the horses mane, or maybe tied to the horses ear with a special harness, seems attractive to you.(Italo Calvino, If on a winters night a traveler, 1979/1981)